(547 found)
Carbohydrate Periodization—Part 1: Fueling Exercise
April 29, 2019by Mike Nelson, PHD, CSCS, CISSN
The purpose of this article is to give an overview and theoretical framework on the concept of periodized nutrition—with an emphasis on adequate carbohydrate intake to enhance performance.
Personal trainers Coaches Nutrition Program design
Developmental Model for Prospective Male and Female US Air Force Special Warfare Candidates: Part 1 – Background
July 28, 2023by John Mata, CSCS,*D, TSAC-F and Lauren Haydu
This article seeks to explain the differences between males and females in training and adaptations, as well as provide actionable guidelines to improve performance.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Program design
Squat Development – A Universal Progression for Novice to Professional Athletes
December 18, 2025by Mateusz Nowak, PhD, CSCS, NSCA-CPT
This Personal Training Quarterly article presents alternative ways of teaching the squat technique. Visit NSCA online to read more on exercise science, health, and fitness.
Personal trainers Exercise Science Exercise Technique Testing and Evaluation Client Consultation|Assessment Professional Development
Understanding the Physiological Limiting Factors of VO2max
December 17, 2018by Ronald L. Snarr, CSCS,*D, NSCA-CPT, Peter Chrysosferidis, CSCS, Danilo Tolusso
Determining VO2max can be useful in all areas of health, from potential diagnosis of heart disease in the elderly to measuring peak performance in elite athletes. This article will discuss the physiological limiting factors of VO2max and the role each plays in cardiovascular improvement.
Personal trainers Exercise Science Program design
Carbohydrate Periodization—Part 2: Time Carbohydrate Restriction
August 19, 2019by Mike Nelson
This is the second part of a two-part series that investigates the effects of dietary carbohydrate availability on exercise performance and how specifically timed restriction of carbohydrates may also paradoxically enhance exercise performance in the medium and long term.
Personal trainers Nutrition
Periodized Nutrition and Metabolic Flexibility for Special Operators
April 24, 2018by Craig Weller
The extent to which a special operator’s training schedule can be planned in advance is often limited due to their unpredictable operational demands. However, there may be opportunities to plan for specific training during certain periods.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Nutrition
Choosing Exercises—“The Crunch”
April 8, 2018by Brad J. Schoenfeld, PhD, CSCS,*D, CSPS,*D, NSCA-CPT,*D, FNSCA and Stuart McGill, PhD
Should personal trainers include the crunch exercise in an exercise program? The answer should always be, “it depends;” however, arriving at the best answer requires a process.
Personal trainers Exercise Technique Program design
Resistance Training Adaptations: Skeletal Changes
June 14, 2018by NSCA's Essentials of Personal Training Second Edition
Bone tissue is “alive” and is a dynamic tissue that can respond to resistance training. In addition to the obvious effects of resistance training on muscle mass and strength, resistance training may lead to decreased risk for osteoporosis, fractures, and falls in later life.
Coaches Exercise Science
Improving Functional Activities of Daily Living in Senior Populations
June 6, 2025by Allison Schubert, Ian Bonder, MS, CSCS,*D, RSCC, Andrew Shim, EdD, CSCS,*D, FNSCA, and Robert Linkul, MS, CSCS,*D, NSCA-CPT,*D, FNSCA
This article in PTQ 11.4 shares content on exercise programs for seniors. Visit NSCA online to read articles on fitness news, personal training and more.
Personal trainers Exercise Science Exercise Technique Program design Testing and Evaluation Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition, Disorder, or Disease
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